<html><head></head><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1493310149530_9076" dir="ltr"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1493310149530_9769">Hmmm, you guys have me worried now.  I have a regular steel penetrator for HP O2,  what am I missing.  If you can pipe HP O2 through a ss pipe then why the special bronze?  I see O2 regulators that are chrome, not bronze.  I just clean the heck out of the penetrator and I hook er up.  Gamma just had a steel penetrator for HP  O2 as well.</span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1493310149530_9076" dir="ltr"><span>Hank</span></div> <div class="qtdSeparateBR"><br><br></div><div class="yahoo_quoted" style="display: block;"> <div style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> <div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="Arial"> On Thursday, April 27, 2017 10:15 AM, James Frankland via Personal_Submersibles <personal_submersibles@psubs.org> wrote:<br></font></div>  <br><br> <div class="y_msg_container"><div id="yiv1374250702"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>Hi Brian</div><div><br clear="none">I just made it as per the plans.  It fits through a stainless insert welded into the hull.   I hadnt put the threads on in this pic.  Have a look at the drawing, you can see where they will go.  one each end for the valve fittings and a thread on the main body for the nut to hold it in.  probably makes it look longer than it is.</div><div> </div><div>I didn't have an issue getting the material.  I just ordered from a standard metal supplier in UK.  <img width="562" height="484" style="margin-right:0px;" src="cid:6fvOkti36nbmd1CZEKUz"><br clear="none">​Was quite expensive though.</div><div> </div><div> </div></div><div class="yiv1374250702yqt7112423203" id="yiv1374250702yqt94702"><div class="yiv1374250702gmail_extra"><br clear="none"><div class="yiv1374250702gmail_quote">On 27 April 2017 at 16:51, Brian Cox via Personal_Submersibles <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs.org</a>></span> wrote:<br clear="none"><blockquote class="yiv1374250702gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">James,   that seems like a very elongated fitting, why does it need to be so long?  Was it hard to locate the "phosphor bronze"  I have a piece of bronze lying around but I'm have no idea the grade.<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Brian<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
--- <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a> wrote:<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
From: James Frankland via Personal_Submersibles <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>><br clear="none">
<span>To: Personal Submersibles General Discussion <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>><br clear="none">
Subject: Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] Co2 scrubbers<br clear="none">
</span>Date: Thu, 27 Apr 2017 10:05:29 +0100<br clear="none">
<div class="yiv1374250702HOEnZb"><div class="yiv1374250702h5"><br clear="none">
Hi Brian<br clear="none">
I only have 1 O2 tank mounted outside.  Pic here of the bronze through<br clear="none">
hull.  Kittredge design but I changed the threads to match my valve<br clear="none">
fittings.  The valve is phosphor bronze as specified on the plans.<br clear="none">
Even though its low pressure O2, I used tungem (whatever that is)<br clear="none">
tubing inside for the O2 with is specially for O2 applications.  I<br clear="none">
like it to be super safe.<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://www.guernseysubmarine.com/extended_files/Page647.htm">http://www.guernseysubmarine. com/extended_files/Page647.htm</a><br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
On 27 April 2017 at 06:26, Brian Cox via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
<<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>> wrote:<br clear="none">
> Alec,   So on that bronze fitting, if I was using HP  O2 coming into the<br clear="none">
> cabin I would go from the O2 tank outside with SS tubing , then go to a<br clear="none">
> bronze thru hull fitting ?  Then a shut off valve on the inside ( a needle<br clear="none">
> valve type) and then to my flow meter.<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Brian C<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> --- <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> From: Alec Smyth via Personal_Submersibles <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>><br clear="none">
> To: Personal Submersibles General Discussion<br clear="none">
> <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>><br clear="none">
> Subject: Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] Co2 scrubbers<br clear="none">
> Date: Wed, 26 Apr 2017 21:08:08 -0400<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> I understand Kittredge used bronze, which is good because it's a material<br clear="none">
> that is very unlikely to initiate an O2 fire. However, in my case we're<br clear="none">
> already dealing with low pressure at that point, so SS should be fine.<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Best,<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Alec<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> On Wed, Apr 26, 2017 at 10:22 AM, Brian Cox via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
> <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Alec,         When you transition your O2 thru the hull don't you have to<br clear="none">
> have a bronze fitting as a thru hull fitting?<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Brian C<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> --- <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> From: Alec Smyth via Personal_Submersibles <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>><br clear="none">
> To: Personal Submersibles General Discussion<br clear="none">
> <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>><br clear="none">
> Subject: Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] Co2 scrubbers<br clear="none">
> Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2017 22:25:36 -0400<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Yep, I did that on both Snoopy and Shackleton. On Snoopy there is one O2<br clear="none">
> tank outside, which leads to a 1st stage. From there through the hull and on<br clear="none">
> the inside a pediatric flow regulator. Shackleton has the same thing, except<br clear="none">
> two of everything. Same exact setup as Snoopy except one port and one<br clear="none">
> starboard, for redundancy. Good news, I have run both of them several times<br clear="none">
> already and they did not turn into flamethrowers. But I'm quite particular<br clear="none">
> about the cleaning. For instance I got a pair of little O2 pressure gauges<br clear="none">
> but decided not to install them because they didn't arrive bagged. I did my<br clear="none">
> own cleaning (twice) on the LP components per Oxygen Hackers Companion<br clear="none">
> instructions. The HP side (really just a regulator and a 1st stage) were<br clear="none">
> purchased O2 clean.<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Thanks,<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Alec<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> On Tue, Apr 25, 2017 at 10:03 PM, Rick Patton via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
> <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Hank,<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Yeah I think your situation would be different than what I would be<br clear="none">
> experiencing. I personally just don't believe that there should be any HP<br clear="none">
> plumbing inside a one atmosphere vessel but that's just my opinion. Is there<br clear="none">
> anyone else out there that is using a first stage reg on a HP exterior tank,<br clear="none">
> 02 or air?<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Rick<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> On Tue, Apr 25, 2017 at 1:48 PM, hank pronk via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
> <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Rick,<br clear="none">
> I know this may not apply, but, Elementary 3000 has  external O2 with a HP<br clear="none">
> line to the hull penetrator and inside the hull there is a tower valve with<br clear="none">
> medical O2 regulator  mounted directly  to that penetrator.  There is no<br clear="none">
> internal HP O2 line.  I am not sure why you want to reduce the O2 pressure<br clear="none">
> before the hull.  Gamma also had the identical system for auxiliary O2 when<br clear="none">
> I first got it.<br clear="none">
> Hank<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> On Tuesday, April 25, 2017 5:38 PM, Rick Patton via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
> <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> I sent out an email regarding balance verses unbalanced 1st stage regs for<br clear="none">
> an 02 tank that would be on the outside of a sub but didn't get a response<br clear="none">
> so not sure it went so decided to attach to Alan's last email to see.<br clear="none">
> Would love to hear from those who have their HP tanks on the outside of<br clear="none">
> there sub and knock down the HP to LP at the tank valve to keep HP from<br clear="none">
> entering the sub and weather you have an unbalanced or balanced 1at stage.<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Thanks<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Rick<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> On Sun, Apr 23, 2017 at 3:29 PM, Alan via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
> <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs. org</a>> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Cliff,<br clear="none">
> forget the rumours of sheep everywhere in N.Z..<br clear="none">
> We have a very sophisticated coffee culture down here! Translating that<br clear="none">
> knowledge over to scrubbers will make for a safer unit.<br clear="none">
> Am enjoying this thread as I need to make up a scrubber at some time.<br clear="none">
> Am going with 2 scrubbers. Once I know my hull size more accurately I'll<br clear="none">
> be contacting Molecular Products tech help, as they have a computer to<br clear="none">
> calculate flow rate needed to keep you within your required limits.<br clear="none">
> Cheers Alan<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Sent from my iPad<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> On 24/04/2017, at 1:11 PM, Cliff Redus via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
> <personal_submersibles@psubs. org> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Yes I like it,  Psub Baristas with one small difference, if you get your DIY<br clear="none">
> coffee machine wrong, you get a bad cup of Joe; if you get your DIY CO2<br clear="none">
> scrubber wrong you die!<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Cliff<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> On Sun, Apr 23, 2017 at 5:37 PM, Alan via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
> <personal_submersibles@psubs. org> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Some great thoughts thanks.<br clear="none">
> This all seems very much like the art of coffee making!<br clear="none">
> You have the type of bean ( absorbent choice). There is the grind ( granule<br clear="none">
> size)<br clear="none">
> Moisture has an effect on coffee extraction.  There is the amount of coffee<br clear="none">
> grind<br clear="none">
> in the shot! If you have differing volumes of absorbant in the scrubber this<br clear="none">
> would<br clear="none">
> have an effect. There is the tamping of the grind that effects the speed<br clear="none">
> water flows through the ground coffee, which is equivalent to how the<br clear="none">
> absorbent is compacted. There is a set perfect time that it should take for<br clear="none">
> the water to flow through the grind<br clear="none">
> to get the maximum desired extraction, this relates to the previous factors<br clear="none">
> & the pressure of the pump. With a scrubber the pump is replaced by the fan<br clear="none">
> & the flow<br clear="none">
> rate is what is required to keep CO2 levels below required levels & this is<br clear="none">
> dictated<br clear="none">
> by the size of the hull & number of passengers.<br clear="none">
> Baristas can spend ages fine tuning their coffee machines every day & during<br clear="none">
> the day.<br clear="none">
> Not saying we should be this fussy; but there are a lot of factors to<br clear="none">
> balance if<br clear="none">
> you want it perfect!<br clear="none">
> Alan<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Sent from my iPad<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> On 24/04/2017, at 9:33 AM, james cottrell via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
> <personal_submersibles@psubs.o rg> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Hi Cliff,<br clear="none">
> Thanks for the excellent info. Great research. If I could add a couple of<br clear="none">
> things they would be-<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Pushing air through absorbent vs pulling air has different effects too.<br clear="none">
> Pushing air through with a blower has the benefit of slightly higher<br clear="none">
> pressure in the media which can yield more efficiency compared to drawing<br clear="none">
> air through which lowers pressure.<br clear="none">
> However, too much airflow can cause the the media to dry out and lose<br clear="none">
> effectiveness. Humidity may have to be controlled within limits.<br clear="none">
> Pushing air through can also cause uneven distribution and poor performance<br clear="none">
> depending on scrubber design.<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> So the challenges are to keep humidity within limits, air flow sufficient<br clear="none">
> with even distribution all without exceeding available power over duration<br clear="none">
> of dive (especially in an emergency).<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> For these reasons, lung powered devices are great as a back up. The lungs<br clear="none">
> provide the airflow and the humidity. If the unit is made from clear<br clear="none">
> acrylic, it is possible to use color changing media.<br clear="none">
> One last thought- Absorbent cartridges (like micro-pore re-breather<br clear="none">
> cartridges) can make it easier to change used up media in the sub during an<br clear="none">
> emergency than trying to empty and replace granules. Just pull out the old<br clear="none">
> cartridge, insert the new one and continue breathing.<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Greg C<br clear="none">
> ______________________________ __<br clear="none">
> From: Cliff Redus via Personal_Submersibles <personal_submersibles@psubs.o<br clear="none">
> rg><br clear="none">
> To: Personal Submersibles General Discussion <personal_submersibles@psubs.o<br clear="none">
> rg><br clear="none">
> Sent: Sunday, April 23, 2017 1:17 PM<br clear="none">
> Subject: Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] Co2 scrubbers on eBay<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> To elaborate a bit on Alec's comments, a few years back I did some work the<br clear="none">
> scrubber for my one-man boat and came away with some conclusions.  The first<br clear="none">
> was that a radial design was better than an axial design for air flow throws<br clear="none">
> the absorbent and the second was that the goldilocks rule applies for<br clear="none">
> fan/blower associated with the scrubber.  Engineers make a distinction on<br clear="none">
> equipment used to compress air.  They define a parameter known as the<br clear="none">
> specific ratio which is defined as the discharge pressure divided by the<br clear="none">
> supply pressure where each pressure is in terms of absolute pressure rather<br clear="none">
> than gage pressure.  If the device has a specific ratio less than 1.1, they<br clear="none">
> call it fan, if it has a specific ratio greater than 1.2 they call it<br clear="none">
> compressor and if it has a specific ration between 1.11 and 1.2, it is a<br clear="none">
> blower.  What I found from my testing on the scrubber was that fans like you<br clear="none">
> would typically see on PC are axial flow and these are designed for high<br clear="none">
> flow rates but low head. When you try and use them to push air through the<br clear="none">
> CO2 absorbent, they just don't have enough head and the resulting flowrate<br clear="none">
> is very low.  In this case they are not operating anywhere near their best<br clear="none">
> efficiency point (BEP).  What I found worked better were squirrel cage<br clear="none">
> blowers. These are designed for lower flow rates than PC axial fans but with<br clear="none">
> more head.  I am sure there are many models of squirrel blade blowers that<br clear="none">
> would work but the model I use is from Papst, model RL90-18/24.  This blower<br clear="none">
> operates off 24VDC and has a power rating of 7.5 W which translates to 0.31<br clear="none">
> amps.  If you look on ebay, these blowers come up all the time.  Back to the<br clear="none">
> goldilocks rule;  to meet ABS rules, you have to demonstrate that your life<br clear="none">
> support system will operate through the the emergency time period which is<br clear="none">
> 72 hours on the backup battery.  The current during this period is known as<br clear="none">
> the “Hotel Load” for obvious reasons.  When I tested axial PC fans, they<br clear="none">
> were great on battery endurance because they pull a very low current but<br clear="none">
> they did not work well because they did not have enough head to overcome the<br clear="none">
> pressure drop through the CO2 absorbent material , SodaSorb HP in my case.<br clear="none">
> This showed up as having erratic CO2 levels in the boat and not being able<br clear="none">
> to sustain concentrations less than ABS required maximum of 5000 ppm (1/2%).<br clear="none">
> When I tried larger axial fans like you would use for a bilge fan, the unit<br clear="none">
> would keep the CO2 level below the 5000 ppm limit but they pulled way much<br clear="none">
> current and  would not last anywhere near the 80 hours.  The Papst, model<br clear="none">
> RL90-18/24 squirrel cage blower turned out to be  perfect with enough head<br clear="none">
> to circulated  the cabin air  to keep the CO2 level typically below 2000 ppm<br clear="none">
> but also because they only pull 0.31 amps.  This blower did not let me meet<br clear="none">
> the 72 ABS endurance limit but got me close.  Below is a graph of hotel load<br clear="none">
> current through my backup battery and the voltage across the backup battery<br clear="none">
> as a function of time on a life support test in my boat.  You can see from<br clear="none">
> the graph at about 69 hours into the test the backup battery was exhausted.<br clear="none">
> Also the hotel load started at about 1.6 amps but slowly climbed to 1.7 amps<br clear="none">
> over the 69 hours.  This hotel load was a little higher than the 1.5 amps<br clear="none">
> that I had designed around.  I need to go back and look at the contributors<br clear="none">
> to this hotel load and see if I can reduce.  I am happy with the 69 hours<br clear="none">
> because during a real emergency like be stranded on the bottom due to<br clear="none">
> entanglement, I could utilize at least some of the main battery.  For<br clear="none">
> reference, the backup battery consist of two AGM  100 Ah battery.  If you<br clear="none">
> divide the capacity by the hotel load you get the expected endurance of<br clear="none">
> 100Ahr/1.65A is 61 hours so my 69 hours did better than expected.<br clear="none">
> .<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> <image.png><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Cliff<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> On Sat, Apr 22, 2017 at 6:07 PM, Alec Smyth via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
> <personal_submersibles@psubs.o rg> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Hi Brian,<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> If by "straight flow fan" you mean the geometry you would see on a computer<br clear="none">
> cooling fan for instance, they are way less efficient for this purpose. I<br clear="none">
> believe the reason is they move good volumes of air but develop very little<br clear="none">
> pressure. I've tested both kinds, and the sort I'm using now has much better<br clear="none">
> performance. Cliff has done similar tests and had the same results.<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Best,<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Alec<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> On Sat, Apr 22, 2017 at 6:08 PM, Brian Hughes via Personal_Submersibles<br clear="none">
> <personal_submersibles@psubs. org> wrote:<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
> Alec,<br clear="none">
> Just ordered a tank holder that has two bungies about an inch apart, used to<br clear="none">
> strap tanks down on a boat. I'm thinking I can hang this scrubber from the<br clear="none">
> roof using the aft most reinforcing ring, holding it up in the middle.  If<br clear="none">
> it works, straight flow fan.<br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
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><br clear="none">
><br clear="none">
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