<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:14pt"><div><span>Happy New Year and thanks for that explanation Phil,</span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span>I don't know where the article got the colored water from.</span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span>But you've got me thinking now. The variable ballast tank could double </span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida
Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span>as a head if placed strategically.</span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span>Alan</span></div><div><br></div> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <hr size="1"> <font size="2" face="Arial"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> Phil Nuytten <phil@philnuytten.com><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> Personal Submersibles General Discussion <personal_submersibles@psubs.org> <br> <b><span style="font-weight:
bold;">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, January 7, 2014 5:29 PM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] Deep Worker 2000 Ballast system<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container"><br><div id="yiv1367115420"><div dir="ltr">
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<div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<div>Hi, Guys!</div>
<div>Happy New Year y’all </div>
<div>Re: Seat VBT: The system was one we (Nuytco) used in the earliest
DeepWorker model subs – starting around ‘97. The seats were black, roto-cast
plastic designed for use on/in snowmobiles, home-built race cars, dune buggies
and the like – and they were hollow. We came up with the idea of using them as a
VBT that could be very precisely trimmed immediately pre-dive and could be
easily changed (made heavier or lighter) during the dive. The seat was
drilled and tapped for an inlet and outlet line. The water inlet line/hose had a
needle valve on the inside of the hull at a convenient spot for the pilot
to reach. The outlet line/hose led to a simple, manually-operated hydraulic hand
pump and from there to a second on/off valve in front of a non-return
valve plumbed through a hull penetrator. To use, the DW was trimmed to be
buoyant with the seat empty. while the pilot was floating on the surface and the
load line cast off, he opened the inlet valve to allow water into the seat until
the dome went under and then the inlet valve was then shut off. This made the
hull slightly negative and it would sink slowly, or faster with additional down
thrusting. This, for pilots who like to dive a bit heavy. To lighten up, the
outlet valve is opened and the water pumped out until the sub became buoyant –
just a few strokes, usually. We did try using a heavy duty plastic bag full of
fresh water attached to the inlet side to avoid the plankton and assorted little
critters when diving in sea water – but we wound up just flushing the seat tank
with fresh, soapy water after an ocean dive and that worked fine. All and all, a
pretty neat systems except for a few downsides: Ambient water is pretty cold at
depth and chills the butt and back – and, you have to studiously remember to
shut the inlet valve, particularly at any appreciable depth, because even with a
needle valve the water comes in fast. We had a hole in the top of the seat as an
over-flow and sometimes got sprayed by the overflow if something
distracted you while allowing water in, and a few other minor things. At the
time we had this system in place, we were training a bunch ( (40 – 50)
scientists as DW pilots over a two year period – the experienced pilots had no
problem with the seat VBT but we figured it was just too many things going on
for new trainees, and so reverted to a conventional nylon box with holes in the
bottom as the VBT, and that’s what we use today. Speaking of which, we
brought a couple of DW’s back from a series of science dives in California, a
month or so ago – after a few days in the shop one the DWs developed an extreme
case of ‘body odor’ - turned out to be a squid decomposing in the
VBT!</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Finally, colored water ?? We don’t have any colored water in any of our sub
models . . well, that’s not quite true, I guess. We do have our handy-dandy,
always reliable MRE’s! Yup, yet another acronym – in this case, short for
‘MISSION RANGE EXTENDERS’ – a wide mouth, screw-top plastic bottle that holds
about a quart or a little more. We sometimes use two, one full of, say, apple
juice and the other one empty. The idea is to pass the full one through you to
the empty MRE – and make sure you don’t get mixed up!</div>
<div>Phil
<div style="FONT-SIZE:small;TEXT-DECORATION:none;"></div>
<div class="yiv1367115420yqt7709038589" id="yiv1367115420yqt07822"><div style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; font-family: tahoma;">
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<div style=""><b>From:</b> <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" title="alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com" ymailto="mailto:alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com">Alan James</a> </div>
<div><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, January 12, 2014 5:41 PM</div>
<div><b>To:</b> <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" title="personal_submersibles@psubs.org" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">Personal Submersibles General
Discussion</a> </div>
<div><b>Subject:</b> Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] Deep Worker 2000 Ballast
system</div></div></div>
<div> </div></div></div>
<div class="yiv1367115420yqt7709038589" id="yiv1367115420yqt31454"><div style="FONT-SIZE:small;TEXT-DECORATION:none;">
<div style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: helveticaneue, 'helvetica neue', helvetica, arial, 'lucida grande', sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<div><span>Thanks Vance,</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: helveticaneue, 'Helvetica Neue', helvetica, arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span>I
found this description of their system, but not sure if its correct or what
</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: helveticaneue, 'Helvetica Neue', helvetica, arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span>the
"colored water" is all about.</span></div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">DeepWorker uses soft ballast together
with another ballast</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">system known as “hard” ballast. In
the hard ballast system,</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">colored water is contained within an
enclosed small</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">bladder outside the sub. After the
pilot dumps all the air</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">from the soft ballast tank in order
to lower the sub below</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">the surface, the sub remains slightly
buoyant. To sink, the</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">pilot opens a valve to allow a small
amount of the colored</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">water into the sub, which adds
weight. The water begins</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">to fill a tank in the pilot’s seat,
and the sub descends.</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">When the sub is neutrally buoyant
(neither sinking nor</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;"><span></span></div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">rising), the pilot shuts off the
valve.</div>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">Alan</div>
<div> </div>
<div style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: helveticaneue, 'Helvetica Neue', helvetica, arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif;">
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<hr size="1">
<font size="2" face="Arial"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">From:</span></b>
"vbra676539@aol.com" <vbra676539@aol.com><br clear="none"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">To:</span></b> personal_submersibles@psubs.org
<br clear="none"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">Sent:</span></b> Monday, January 13, 2014
1:32 PM<br clear="none"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re:
[PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting,
Control/Compensating & Trimming<br clear="none"></font></div>
<div class="yiv1367115420y_msg_container">
<div> </div>
<div id="yiv1367115420">
<div><font color="black" size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3">They did at one time use a snowmobile
seat/gas tank combo to serve both purposes. I think that has gone by the wayside
in favor of a small tank under the hull to get the acrylic dome high enough for
the pilot to see and maneuver when on the surface. Perhaps it's an optional
thing. I'm not sure. They've built a couple of dozen subs by now with the
Russian DW-3000s, and there are probably some evolutionary differences between
the early models and the later ones. I do think the seat deal was ingenious, and
could well serve along with a hand pump as an upgrade for a new build or even a
re-build K-sub in lieu of George's heavy trim tank. Having said that, maybe the
hand pump is too slow or something. I have no direct experience with them.
We'll just have to ask Phil for clarification when he gets time.</font> </font>
<div><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3">Vance<br clear="none"></font><br clear="none"><br clear="none">
<div style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial; color: black;">-----Original
Message-----<br clear="none">From: Alan James
<alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com><br clear="none">To: Personal Submersibles
General Discussion <personal_submersibles@psubs.org><br clear="none">Sent:
Sun, Jan 12, 2014 6:17 pm<br clear="none">Subject: Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules
Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating & Trimming<br clear="none"><br clear="none">
<div class="yiv1367115420yqt7546023753" id="yiv1367115420yqt52015">
<div id="yiv1367115420AOLMsgPart_2_50e66339-fcb7-47af-93d5-8b31d1720af7">
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<div style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: helveticaneue, 'Helvetica Neue', helvetica, arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<div><span>Vance,</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: helveticaneue, 'Helvetica Neue', helvetica, arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span>I
thought I'd heard that the Deep Workers had a plastic compensating tank under
the</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: helveticaneue, 'Helvetica Neue', helvetica, arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span>seat.</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: helveticaneue, 'Helvetica Neue', helvetica, arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; background-color: transparent;"><span>Alan</span></div>
<div> </div>
<div style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: helveticaneue, 'Helvetica Neue', helvetica, arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif;">
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<font size="2" face="Arial"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">From:</span></b> "<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:vbra676539@aol.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:vbra676539@aol.com">vbra676539@aol.com</a>" <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:vbra676539@aol.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:vbra676539@aol.com">vbra676539@aol.com</a>><br clear="none"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">To:</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs.org</a>
<br clear="none"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">Sent:</span></b> Monday,
January 13, 2014 4:11 AM<br clear="none"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules
Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating & Trimming<br clear="none"></font></div>
<div class="yiv1367115420y_msg_container">
<div> </div>
<div id="yiv1367115420">
<div><font color="black" size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3">Hank and all,</font> </font>
<div><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3"><br clear="none"></font></div>
<div><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3">VBTs are nice if you have
the room and the need. All those dives with the Nektons prove you can get along
without. And in shallow water, we usually ran the Perry boats a little heavy and
then hung on a small bubble in the MBTs. Aquarius has a third MBT (soft tank), a
small one up forward, that they use to tweak for neutral after diving negative.
Not hard tanks. It definitely works okay. The K-boats have VBTs, but George
Kittredge came from the twenty-five hundred tons displacement school of
thought.</font></div>
<div><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3"><br clear="none"></font></div>
<div><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3">For us, it's pretty easy
just to adjust a little as we go along. Mind you, my 350 has a VBT and I'm
keeping it. We did a lot of mid-water work with the JSLs, and the pilots could
trim 14-tons dead nuts neutral and then just forget about it. Just so you know,
the JSL variable tanks and control systems, et al, probably weigh a thousand
pounds in air. Fiberglas tanks and pumps and all the rest in a Perry--probably
three-hundred or thereabouts.</font></div>
<div><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3"><br clear="none"></font></div>
<div><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3">On the little-bitty side,
the Deepworkers have a simple external tank for surface work, which could
certainly be used for variable ballast, but mostly aren't. Keep in mind, that is
their ONLY ballast system aside from pre-dive adjustments with lead. Regardless,
and aside from the general complexity, VBT systems impose a pretty hefty weight
penalty on (in our case) very lightweight boats. Just something to think
about.</font></div>
<div><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3"><br clear="none"></font></div>
<div><font class="yiv1367115420Apple-style-span" size="3">Vance<br clear="none"></font>
<div><br clear="none"><br clear="none">
<div style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial; color: black;">-----Original
Message-----<br clear="none">From: hank pronk <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:hanker_20032000@yahoo.ca" target="_blank" href="mailto:hanker_20032000@yahoo.ca">hanker_20032000@yahoo.ca</a>><br clear="none">To: Personal Submersibles General Discussion <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs.org</a>><br clear="none">Sent: Sun, Jan 12, 2014 9:39 am<br clear="none">Subject: Re:
[PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting,
Control/Compensating & Trimming<br clear="none"><br clear="none">
<div class="yiv1367115420yqt4769370219" id="yiv1367115420yqt02848">
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<div><span>Jim, Joe,</span></div>
<div><span>When I test Gamma next month or when the weather improves, I intend
to use a ballast bag that holds 350 lbs of water. I will place it where
the passenger is normally. There is the benefit of less draft on launch
and less weight to haul for 12 hr of driving. I will not need to screw
with weights in and out. I bought the ballast bags for other reasons and
think they might be the answer. Gamma was built with a trim tank that was
removed, so I want to put some dives on it before I decide if I need
it. Like Vance says firmly, you don't need a vbt. In an effort to
keep it simple, I will try it without.</span></div>
<div><span>Hank</span></div>
<div><span><br clear="none"></span></div>
<div class="yiv1367115420yahoo_quoted" style="display: block;"><br clear="none"><br clear="none">
<div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: helveticaneue, 'Helvetica Neue', helvetica, arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif;">
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<div dir="ltr"><font size="2" face="Arial">On Sunday, January 12, 2014 7:27:35 AM, "<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:jimtoddpsub@aol.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jimtoddpsub@aol.com">jimtoddpsub@aol.com</a>" <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:jimtoddpsub@aol.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jimtoddpsub@aol.com">jimtoddpsub@aol.com</a>> wrote:<br clear="none"></font></div>
<div class="yiv1367115420y_msg_container">
<div id="yiv1367115420">
<div><font color="black" size="2" face="arial"></font>
<div><font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Hi Joe,</font></div>
<div><font size="3"></font> </div>
<div><font size="3">I tried hard to come up with a VBT system to greatly reduce
the need to load or unload lead to adjust or compensate for
passenger/no-passenger and the variability in the weight of the pilot or
passenger. That would have meant adding 25-30 gallons of VBT capacity to
whatever VBT capacity was already planned. It also meant that VBT would
have to be located at the same position fore/aft as the passenger. Picture
in your mind the size of a 30-gallon drum. Whether the VBT was internal or
external it was very apparent that it just wasn't workable.</font></div>
<div><font size="3"></font> </div>
<div><font size="3">Adding/subtracting lead externally isn't so hard when the sub
is on the trailer, but i</font><font size="3">t's difficult when the sub is in the
water. In the end the simplest, most convenient system came right back to
+/- lead directly under the pilot's and passenger's seats.<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> The only practical alternative I've
seen so far for a very small sub is Alec's arrangement for adding or subtracting
trawler floats to adjust buoyancy.</font></font></div>
<div><font size="3"></font> </div>
<div><font size="3">I have two external VBTs - one fore, one aft, so they can be
used for trim as well as overall buoyancy. The capacity of each is not yet
determined. The forward one can be used to compensate for the addition of
equipment up to a point.</font></div>
<div><font size="3"></font> </div>
<div><font size="3"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Best</font>
regards,</font></div>
<div><font size="3">Jim</font></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;">-----Original
Message-----<br clear="none">From: Joe Perkel <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:josephperkel@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:josephperkel@yahoo.com">josephperkel@yahoo.com</a>><br clear="none">To: personal_submersibles <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs.org</a>><br clear="none">Sent: Sun, Jan 12, 2014 6:18 am<br clear="none">Subject: Re:
[PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting,
Control/Compensating & Trimming<br clear="none"><br clear="none">
<div class="yiv1367115420yqt3179415128" id="yiv1367115420yqt05919">
<div id="yiv1367115420AOLMsgPart_2_ba68e8b5-f505-432b-94d7-becf3678b154">
<table style="COLOR:black;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">Alan,<br clear="none"><br clear="none">I've been giving this
issue of fine buoyancy control some thought lately. In the literature is
there any mention of a rule of thumb volume to vehicle ratio for the
capacity?<br clear="none"><br clear="none">On a K-350, the difference between
diving solo or with a passenger could be as much as 200 lbs (100 kg). I
would think that it would be convenient and useful to be able to
compensate for this without having to manually transfer solid ballast
(lead). The standard VBT volume is too small to be able to do so.<br clear="none"><br clear="none">Joe<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://overview.mail.yahoo.com/?.src=iOS"><br clear="none"><br clear="none">Sent from Yahoo Mail for
iPad</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<div id="yiv1367115420_origMsg_">
<div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE:0.9em;">
<div class="yiv1367115420hr" style="FONT-SIZE:0px;BORDER-TOP:rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid;HEIGHT:0px;BORDER-RIGHT:rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid;BORDER-BOTTOM:rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0px;PADDING-TOP:0px;PADDING-LEFT:0px;MARGIN:5px 0px;BORDER-LEFT:rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid;LINE-HEIGHT:0;PADDING-RIGHT:0px;"></div><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">From:</span> </b>Alan <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com">alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com</a>>;
<br clear="none"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">To:</span> </b>Personal
Submersibles General Discussion <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs.org</a>>;
<br clear="none"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">Subject:</span> </b>Re:
[PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting,
Control/Compensating & Trimming <br clear="none"><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">Sent:</span> </b>Sun, Jan 12, 2014 9:20:37 AM <br clear="none"></div><br clear="none">
<table style="COLOR:black;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
<div>Hi jim,</div>
<div>here's a G.L. quote. "Normally compensating tanks are to be provided
for a fine</div>
<div>adjustment of the wanted depth and for balancing of changes of
buoyancy</div>
<div>because of consumption of provisions & supplies during the
underwater voyage,</div>
<div>changes of the density of seawater, taking on or taking off of
payloads as well </div>
<div>as effects of buoyancy/loss of buoyancy."</div>
<div> This section covers hard & soft tanks, internal
& external, & calls them all</div>
<div>compensating tanks.</div>
<div>Alan</div>
<div><br clear="none">Sent from my iPad</div>
<div class="yiv1367115420yqt2612426534" id="yiv1367115420yqt95500">
<div><br clear="none">On 12/01/2014, at 9:59 am, <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" href="">jimtoddpsub@aol.com</a> wrote:<br clear="none"><br clear="none"></div>
<blockquote type="cite">
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<div><font size="3">Hi Alan,</font></div>
<div><font size="3">Thanks for posting that. <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">What</font> all does "compensating
tanks" refer to? </font></div>
<div><font size="3">Best regards,</font></div>
<div><font size="3">Jim</font></div>
<div> </div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;">-----Original
Message-----<br clear="none">From: Alan James <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" href="">alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com</a>><br clear="none">To: <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://psubs.org/">psubs.org</a> <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" href="">personal_submersibles@psubs.org</a>><br clear="none">Sent: Fri, Jan 10, 2014 5:37 pm<br clear="none">Subject:
[PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting,
Control/Compensating & Trimming<br clear="none"><br clear="none">
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<div>Hi all,</div>
<div>This is my G.L. summary of Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating
& Trimming.</div>
<div>It builds a little on a previous section "Stability &
buoyancy".</div>
<div> All the ballasting controls & systems have to work
under previously specified heel & trim <span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;">requirements. Including when one main ballast
tank is damaged.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"> It has to be possible to check
these systems prior to diving.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"> The sub must be able to surface
after the failure of a compensating tank.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"> Flooding & bilge openings are
to be protected with grids, filters or strum boxes to stop the entrance
of foreign matter.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"> All the operating units for
controlling positive & negative buoyancy are to be grouped
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">together &
clearly marked on the control consul. This control consul is to have
indicating instruments showing depth & trim.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"> Separate shut off valves are
required for each ballast tank.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"> The vent valves are to be designed
in such a way as to prevent unintentional opening.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"> Where diving tanks have flooding
holes without means of closure, double shut-off</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;">valves "May" be stipulated for the vent
pipe.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"> The blowing line for each tank has
to have a separate shut off.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"> Blowing the tanks cannot cause an
excessive over-pressure.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"> Where the diving tanks are pumped
out there needs to be a closure valve & back up </span><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">bilge pump. No
excess under-pressure can be caused.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">
Compensating tanks are to be designed big enough for all the changes
in</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">buoyancy plus
10%</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">
Compensating tanks need contents gauges to give continuous
readings.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;"> The
compensating tank vent pipes need to be wide enough for maximum
</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">inflow / outflow
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">and
designed so that water can't flow from them unnoticed in to the
hull.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;"> The
volume of the trimming tanks is designed in such a way that all planned
trimming situations can be adjusted by combined filling & emptying
of the various tanks.</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;">Alan</span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;"><br clear="none"></span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;"><br clear="none"></span></div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:helveticaneue,;COLOR:rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="FONT-SIZE:14pt;"><br clear="none"></span></div>
<div> </div></div></div></div>
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